A surfactant is an important component that contributes to detergency and foaming, which determine the basic performance of a hand soap. by Myrtle and Soap October 26, 2018. So, lets get to Melt ad Pour vs … Sodium Hydroxide vs Potassium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide share some similar features though, there exists certain differences between them. All the lye – either sodium hydroxide for bar soap or potassium hydroxide for liquid soap – is consumed in the reaction. Sodium has an atomic weight of 22.99, and has only 11 protons. A mixture of anions is formed because each triglyceride molecule contains a variety of fatty acid residues and because a particular fat or oil is itself a mixture of molecules. Potassium soaps are more soluble than sodium soaps and readily produce lather. Therefore, potassium soaps are used to make liquid soap and shaving cream. The active ingredient in Safer® Brand Insecticidal Soap is potassium salts of fatty acids. Potassium soaps are more soluble than sodium soaps and readily produce lather. The sap value is calculated for potassium hydroxide, so for soap made using sodium hydroxide, its value must be divided by 1.403, which is the ratio between the KOH and NaOH molecular weights. Note: In case sodium is used as an alkali, the soaps produced are hard and solid. Can Soap Be Made Without Lye? How African Black Soap Is Made. This type of lye is also known by common names including Caustic soda, Sodium hydrate, and Soda lye. One special thing to remember... all handmade soap … Both potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are used to cause a reaction that creates soap.Both sodium and potassium are very useful chemical elements because they form a wide variety of chemical compounds. Potassium soaps are generally made up of fatty acids in the form of potassium salts derived from the breakdown of ester glycerin plus medium chain fatty acids with potassium hydroxide. The sap value is calculated for potassium hydroxide, so for soap made using sodium hydroxide, its value must be divided by 1.403, which is the ratio between the KOH and NaOH molecular weights. Sodium lactate in soap is commonly used to harden the resulting soap bar. The cleaning property of soap directly depends on the water's hardness level, which contains harmful minerals. This makes the metal in potassium hydroxide heavier than the metal in sodium hydroxide. In the older times, they used to derive potassium hydroxide from wood ash for soap making. This kind of potassium catalyst is mainly used as a catalyst for the reaction of polyisohydrourethane in polyurethane foam. A saponification chart or saponification table takes out the guesswork of soap making and wondering how much lye or caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide, you should be adding to each type of fat that you decide to use. Sodium laurel sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate. Potassium hydroxide derived Castile soaps are more easily dissolved and diluted in water and are hence favored for liquid soap … There are two main types of lye used in soap making: sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. All regular soap is made from caustic soda (lye or also called sodium hydroxide). It has a carboxylate group called the head group which is polar and hydrophilic, or … The main difference of the oil is that it does not have a form of action by external contact. Lets get technical. If you add common table salt to true liquid soap, the sodium ion will displace the potassium and sodium cocoate will precipitate out of the solution. The Make Soap page contains basic information about the saponification process, which is the chemical reaction between lye and fat that yields soap. Drain Cleaner. Put very simply, when lye (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) is dissolved in water, it is ready to smoothly react chemically with oil. Neutralization: A … Very effective on … The hydrocarbon end is non polar which is highly soluble in non polar substances and the ionic end is soluble in water. Soap is a mixture of sodium salts of various naturally occurring fatty acids. Tallow is the ingredient before saponification with lye (sodium hydroxide NaOH and / or potassium hydroxide KOH), potassium tallowate and sodium tallowate are the resulting compounds (salts of the fatty acids from the tallow). Potassium hydroxide is also called potash lye. These compounds fail to form soap when mixed with sodium hydroxide or potassium … Sodium palmate and sodium cocoate are both key ingredients in the soap-making process. Hydrolysis obscures the temperatures of solution but is obviated by the presence of a small excess of alkali. Preferably, the chloride salt is selected from sodium chloride and potassium … [Note: Both sodium and potassium hydroxide are harmful irritants (pH=13). Soap is defined as the sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids. It can make a slightly softer soap… A hand soap used for handwashing contains a surfactant as a basic ingredient. Hydrolysis obscures the temperatures of solution but is obviated by the presence of a small excess of alkali. Potassium hydroxide doesn't make a hard bar of soap unless you use animal fat (lard, tallow etc). I like to use an 80/20 sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide mix in cold process soap. Without sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or lye, soap ceases to exist. Did you know there is 'technical grade' and 'food grade' lye? Each fatty acid is saponified and creates a sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid or a soap. An additional note: in the case of liquid soap, potassium hydroxide is used in place of sodium hydroxide. by Anonymous. It is commonly used to make high quality, handmade soap. Depending on the type of potassium soap, the dosage to be used will vary. There are products that perform in ways similar to soap but are not soap, for example dish detergent is not soap, … At a usage rate of 1 teaspoon per pound of oils in your base soap … Melt and Pour vs Cold Process Soap. It is generally represented as . Sodium olivate, is a pure Castile soap made with olive oil. Potassium hydroxide does not harden well, but is good for making soft or liquid soaps. Answer: No, I'm afraid they are not interchangeable. Saponification: Saponification is a process by which triglycerides react with sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called ‘soap’. Color and Form. It is fatty acid potassium found in natural soaps. They are not interchangeable. Potassium Hydroxide it used to make liquid soap and Sodium Hydroxide is used to make bar soap. All soap is made by combining oils and fats (fatty acids) with an alkali (base), which is either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Almost nothing else will work to convert oil into soap. Rudy Vey. Neem oil vs potassium soap. If the fatty acid salt has potassium rather than sodium, a softer lather It was cheaper than the food grade, although it states that both can be used for soap making I notice a difference in the outcome of my soaps. And will they harm you or the environment? Some oils, fats, and waxes are deemed to be unsaponifiable. A soap is a salt of a compound, known as a fatty acid. • While excess of sodium is harmful for us, low levels of potassium … Soap Sodium or Potassium salt of higher fatty acid. Classification of Soap Hard soap Soft soap Insoluble soap 10. All Soap is made with Lye. Air bubbles added to a molten soap will decrease the density of the soap and thus it will float on water. Each sodium soap has a large range of temperature between fair and high solubility, whereas the potassium soaps go abruptly into solution, at almost the same temperature and concentration of each soap. Technically, your body wash is a detergent. Elaine White, the American Soapmaker, is responsible for the following chart. Instead, the insect will ingest it and stop feeding. Alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, contain hard sodium soap. Some oils, fats, and waxes are deemed to be unsaponifiable. Lye in the form of both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used in making soap. The difference between potassium-based soap and sodium-based soap is that potassium creates a much softer soap. If you’re happy with liquid soap, however, potassium hydroxide will do nicely. I should also add that Sodium Lactate suggested usage was below 130F and my soap making temperatures are above that because of the high meltpoint of the Fatty Acids. A soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end, which has ionic bond with metal ion, usually sodium or potassium. • Despite smaller atomic number, sodium is denser than potassium. https://www.essentialstuff.org/2011/02/04/Cat/ingredients-of- Potassium salts of fatty acids are also used, in combination with excess stearic acid, to give a slow-drying lather for shaving soap… hydroxide is used to make bar or solid soap, whereas potassium hydroxide is used to make liquid soap. Potassium … Potassium hydroxide soaps are softer and more easily dissolved in water than sodium hydroxide soaps. Use it to add bubbles to liquid soap, shampoo, and scrub. Potassium has an atomic weight of 39.10 and has 19 protons. Just to be clear, by definition all soap is “lye soap”. Potassium soap is usually used in a proportion of 1 or 2 % dilution in water, i. e. about 10 to 20 ml of soap per litre of water. The alkali is either sodium hydroxide (lye) for bars or potassium hydroxide (potash) for liquids. You can not make soap without lye and even surfactant is made with lye and then its pH is … The short answer here is yes and … Therefore, potassium soaps are used to make liquid soap and shaving cream. Air bubbles added to a molten soap will decrease the density of the soap and thus it will float on water. The eight fatty acids that make up our soap molecules include four saturated fatty acids- myristic, lauric, palmitic, and stearic, and four unsaturated fatty acids- ricinoleic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Potassium hydroxide is slightly smaller than sodium hydroxide which means it cuts through oil molecules faster than sodium hydroxide. https://www.worldofchemicals.com/445/chemistry-articles/how- I read somewhere that using a small percentage of potassium hydroxide in cold process helps to produce more lather, and I have noticed a difference! If the fatty acid salt has potassium rather than sodium, a softer lather is the result. KOH). Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is used for making hard soap, such as for bars. Characteristics of Soap KOH was found to have a significantly higher level of soap formation than the other three and was the worst catalyst in terms of resistance to soap … Syndets start with fatty alcohols which can be distilled from petroleum or derived from natural oils. Each sodium soap has a large range of temperature between fair and high solubility, whereas the potassium soaps go abruptly into solution, at almost the same temperature and concentration of each soap. Sodium hydroxide is favored for making solid Castile soap with potassium hydroxide used for liquid soaps. Soaps from highly saturated, solid fats, such as tallow, lard, or shortening, are hard. Potassium hydroxide derived Castile soaps are more easily dissolved and diluted in water and are hence favored for … They are both used together to make whipped cream soap. There are lots of industrial chemicals that can change the answer I'm about to give. During this chemical reaction, lye and oil break down and bond to form something completely new: SOAP! potassium-based catalysts resulted in higher soap formation than the corresponding sodium-based catalysts. They are not interchangeable, however. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate can be made from both Coconut Oil or petroleum distillates. Sodium laurate (the salt of lauric acid which is a C 11 fatty acid extracted from coconut oil) is often added. It can form a salt with a positively charged ion like sodium or potassium, or it can form a salt between more than one soap molecule and magnesium or calcium, the minerals that make water “hard.” The hydrophilic end of soap is not water-loving enough to make both the soil and soap soluble in a way that the combo mixes evenly with water. Both are used to change fats into soap in a process called saponification. Older recipes that used pot ash would typically have you add salt, sodium chloride, to harden the soap. Most soap these days is made from Sodium Hydroxide, it is cheaper and makes a harder soap. Cathy. Soap. I make my own mix with potassium bicarbonate, Greenworks dish soap and neem oil. Usage Instructions: Use at 1 to 35 percent of the total weight in liquid soap… Introduction Soaps are the sodium and potassium … Soaps made of potassium are gentle. Through a chemical process called saponification, sodium palmate and sodium … Synthetic surfactants such as sodium laureth sulfate (LES) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) are used for hand soaps . However, there are differences between sodium and potassium since they are two different chemical elements. According to some people liquid soap can also be made using sodium hydroxide (I've seen the recipes and the Depending on the type of potassium soap, the dosage to be used will vary. Potassium soap is usually used in a proportion of 1 or 2 % dilution in water, i. e. about 10 to 20 ml of soap per litre of water. In any case, being a vegetable product, ecological and harmless, nothing will happen if we exceed the dose at any time. Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium … Potassium has an atomic weight of 39.10 and has 19 protons. Shaving creams and certain liquid hand soaps contain them. Sodium Hydroxide vs Potassium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide share some similar features though, there exists certain differences between them. On the other hand, potassium-containing soaps in alkali form are very soft and liquid in shape (known as liquid soap). A soap made with potassium hydroxide does not crystallize in the same fashion, so it does not become solid or opaque. Although there are ingredients and recipes that can make liquid soap cloudy. No matter the salt compound used, both types of soaps lather, clean, and function like soaps. The major difference is the consistency when completed. Going back to the Dove bar we were using as a reference. I don’t know what is causing the difference. One other difference is that you tend to get more lather … Soap … This makes potassium hydroxide a great choice for soaps that need to remove caked-on oil. The metal in sodium hydroxide is lighter than the metal in potassium hydroxide… Superfatting. It costs a bit more, but for spraying on the tender leaves of my plants, I want a better grade of soap. What do those terms mean? Modern methods and measuring scales – as opposed to what was available to frontier women – allow soap … Soap … Potassium hydroxide is technically potash and not lye (because lye generally refers to sodium … In some sources of information , neem oil is compared with potassium soap , even ensuring that they are practically the same … but it is not so. Also, one of the main differences using either Sodium or Potassium Hydroxide in soap making is that the "hard" soaps, i.e. Highest quality produced which makes top quality soap. 100% sodium hydroxide, or lye, is the only thing that should be used to make soap… Phenolphthalein is used to test finished soap for excess alkali, such as the undesirable presence of un-reacted sodium or potassium … The better solubility of the potassium salts contributes to this significantly. Fatty acids are found in fats and oils. There are many ways to affect the hardness of your bar, but sodium lactate in soap is very popular. Soap making is one of the oldest crafts, going back as far as 6,000 … If it wasn’t made using lye it isn’t soap. On the other hand, their “non-soap” actually does have some soap … A by-product of soap … Your soap can only be called Soap if it contains Lye (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or wood ash). Sodium Hydroxide is more commonly known as lye or caustic soda where Potassium Hydroxide is known as potash. Pure potassium cocoate turns very cloudy. Result: Inconclusive...but it's giving me some thoughts. If you add common table salt to true liquid soap, the sodium ion will displace the potassium and sodium cocoate will precipitate out of the solution. (Remember, sodium cocoate is a solid.) Potassium cocoate is a natural liquid surfactant made from coconut oil and glycerin. Potassium soap comes very well defined by its name, because it is a soap whose alkaline pH is significant and descriptor of this product. Yes, I also have a recipe for that! This is because the potassium salts of fatty acids are more soluble in water than the sodium salts of fatty acids. Recently I purchased Sodium-Hydroxide-Lye-Tech-Grade. Are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide interchangeable in soap making? • Sodium has an atomic number of 11 while potassium has an atomic number of 19. If by “soft soap” you mean a liquid soap then you would use potassium hydroxide rather than sodium hydroxide. The metal in sodium hydroxide is lighter than the metal in potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide is used to make liquid soap while lye, sodium hydroxide, is used to make hard bar soap. Sodium hydroxide and potassium … The reaction that occurs when combining the alkali and the fats is called saponification and it is this reaction that then turns the oils into soap. Our Sodium Hydroxide, sometimes called lye, is food grade. Potassium oleate is a brown solid or a transparent amber liquid. Now, I only know soap from a natural standpoint as I make my own. Today's post is about the general differences between the two … sodium hydroxide + coconut oil = sodium cocoate) – these soaps are generally harder (e.g. It is easy to make a solid form of a sodium soap and the potassium stays in the solution soap form better. The hydrophilic end of the soap molecule … Sodium stearate is not the only fatty acid to be used in soaps. My soaps lack fragrance that I add and the smell is horrible when I try to make goat or coconut milk soap. Both potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are used to cause a reaction that creates soap.Both sodium and potassium are very useful chemical elements because they form a wide variety of chemical compounds. In any case, being a vegetable product, ecological and harmless, nothing will happen if we exceed the dose at any time. However, there are differences between sodium and potassium … Solubility data are provided and collected for the pure sodium and potassium soaps. Potassium oleate is a brown solid or a transparent amber liquid. To understand what is needed to achieve effective cleaning, it’s helpful to have a basic knowledge of In sum, sodium hydroxide gives us solid soap, potassium hydroxide gives us liquid soap, and that’s literally it! They are both used together to make whipped cream soap. Are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide interchangeable in soap making? With the initial foam volume being greater than that of sodium, it is the potassium soap that has the greater foaming ability in comparison to the sodium soap. They are not interchangeable, however. All soap is made with lye. The infamous Sodium Hydroxide. 9. This is why your Body Wash is labeled Body Wash and not liquid soap. They say it isn’t soap because the main ingredient is sodium cocoyl isethionate, a mild, non-soap surfactant. Before scent or other ingredients are added, base soap is nothing more than the sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid. The old stuff was made with potash, Potassium Hydroxide. These compounds fail to form soap when mixed with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This liquid soap is made with potassium hydroxide (KOH) using the cold processed liquid soap (CPLS) method. In relation to a previous statement, it is most probably to the large foam bubble production by the potassium soap in contrast to the numerous small foam bubbles produced by the sodium soap. Answer: No, I'm afraid they are not interchangeable. Sodium fatty acid salts (e.g. So, I added 1/4 teaspoon salt to "Product X" and to the pure coconut oil soap to see the difference. If you’re aiming to make hard bars of soap, you’ll need sodium hydroxide. Solubility data are provided and collected for the pure sodium and potassium soaps. the solid ones like for soap bars, shaving soap etc., normally Sodium Hydroxide is used, and the "softer" or liquid soap formulations Potassium … I need something like the Sodium … Sodium hydroxide is favored for making solid Castile soap with potassium hydroxide used for liquid soaps. Therefore, there is no lye (sodium hydroxide) present in the finished bars of soap. Sodium stearate is not the only fatty acid to be used in soaps. As you can see, a soap molecule is long. Soap is a mixture of sodium salts of various naturally occurring fatty acids. The starting material for soap is either animal fat (tallow) or natural oils. It also has a chart of saponification values that lists the amount of lye (sodium hydroxide) needed to saponify specific fats and is used to formulate how much lye is needed in a soap … Potassium carbonate can be used to thicken clear, liquid soap to a gel consistency without lessening the clarity of the soap. Alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, contain hard sodium soap. Shaving creams and certain liquid hand soaps contain them. The type of soap you make, bar versus liquid, is determined by the choice of compound you use for your Preparation and Properties of Soap Experiment #7 Objective: To prepare soap by alkaline hydrolysis (saponification) of natural fats and test some of the chemical properties and cleansing power of soap relative to detergent. Soaps made using sodium hydroxide are harder (often bar soaps), whereas potassium hydroxide based soaps are more water-soluble, and the results are often soft soaps, or liquid/gel soaps. Saponification Chart for Soap Making. Potassium salts of fatty acids are also used, in combination with excess stearic acid, to give a slow-drying lather for shaving soap… This makes the metal in potassium hydroxide heavier than the metal in sodium hydroxide. Typically you will get a harder soap from sodium hydroxide than from potassium hydroxide. The confusion stems from the term lye as it’s applied to both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Who knew that ancient Babylonians and Macedonians could have cornered the … • Potassium reacts much more violently with water. If you want a hard bar of soap, then sodium hydroxide is all you need to use. The main difference between Soap and Detergent is that Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid, whereas Detergent is sodium or potassium salt of sulphonic acid. This kind of potassium catalyst is mainly used as a catalyst for the reaction of … It is fatty acid potassium found in natural soaps. It can also be used as an emulsifier and detergent. Potassium Hydroxide it used to make liquid soap and Sodium Hydroxide is used to make bar soap. On the actual labels of these chemical enemas, it states, “Since FLEET® Enema contains sodium phosphates, there is a risk of elevated serum levels of sodium and phosphate and decreased levels of calcium and potassium… Sodium has an atomic weight of 22.99, and has only 11 protons. Potassium vs Sodium. The reason why potassium-based soaps are 'soft' or liquid is to do with the manufacturing process and the difficulty in separating them (R-COO-K) from the glycerin/glycerol after reaction with the soap lye (The alkaline salt solution used to make the soap e.g. (03-07-2017, 08:46 PM) scritchnscrub Wrote: Potassium hydroxide will also add to the quality of a shaving soap's lather. If there are eight fatty acids… The hydrophilic end of the soap molecule is the carboxylate end. Sodium laurate (the salt of lauric acid which is a C 11 fatty acid extracted from coconut oil) is often added. I’ve seen speculation that other bases such as sodium carbonate might could be used but it would be slower, more complicated, and probably not suitable for small batch soap making. So, while soap is made with lye, it doesn’t contain lye. Making soap is not difficult once you get the compounds you need, which are relatively inexpensive, and carefully put them together in a controlled environment. Soap. Some of the examples are: Sodium stearate, sodium oliate and sodium … Potassium-based soaps are formed from long-chain fatty acids, which are target pests (while not endangering people, pets, or plants) in ways that the short-chains of sodium-based soaps do not. Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, a simple salt that can be found in the grocery store. Soaps made of potassium are gentle. Following that, the fatty acids are purified using the distillation process and neutralised with an alkali to create water and soap. Soap is a sodium salt or potassium salt of many combinations of fatty acids having cleansing action in water. Aqua (Water/Eau) • Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate* • Cocamidopropyl Betaine* • Cetyl Betaine* • Sodium Lauroamphoacetate* • Glycerin* • Propanediol* • Citric Acid* • Coco-Glucoside* • Glyceryl Oleate* • Phenoxyethanol • Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate MSDS TUC Body Soap… While these two compounds have many similarities and are both used to make soap, there are also a few key differences. The natural liquid potassium soap compositions are thickened with an appropriate amount of chloride, such as a chloride salt, which may be added to the reaction vessel in solid or solution form. bar soaps). One example of such a soap is Sodium stearate, NaCH 3 (CH 2) 16 CO 2. Alkali is made by running electricity through salt water. Soap 8. (Remember, sodium cocoate is a solid.) So a shaving soap made only with sodium hydroxide won't just be … Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide for soapmaking. The saponification process is a simple one-step reaction with no waste generated: the glycerin is split off from the fatty acids, and the fatty acids combine with the sodium or potassium to form soap, while the hydroxide forms water. Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide are both strong alkaline hydroxides, formed from the metallic ions of the same group in the periodic table. While there are probably many other differences between the two, that’s all we really need to know as soap makers. Many People choose to use … Potassium soaps are softer than sodium soaps. From my understanding, a lot of modern soap-makers are simply misunderstanding the chemistry, or not realizing that the lime has to be added before they actually have potassium hydroxide… Saponification of an unsaturated oil, such as olive oil, gives a …
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